What are the causes of cystitis in women?

There are many factors that can provoke an inflammatory process in the bladder:

Previous infectious diseases with a chronic or acute course. It can be salpingitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis, adnexitis, etc.

Anatomical features of the woman's genitourinary system.

Oncological diseases.

Severe hypothermia of the body.

Decreased immune activity, including during pregnancy. "Sedentary" work, as in this position there is often stagnation of urine and other fluids in the small pelvis.

The presence of chronic foci of infection, including, for example, caries, chronic tonsillitis and rhinitis.

Diabetes mellitus.

Constant stress and nervous strain (affect the state of immunity).

Taking medications that suppress the activity of the immune system.

Non-compliance with intimate hygiene standards.

Chronic lack of sleep, unhealthy diet.

Older age.

Early onset of sexual activity, frequent change of partners.

Genital trauma and injury to the lower back.

How to determine the presence of the disease !!

Cystitis manifests itself immediately acutely with obvious symptoms or signs may be added gradually. The very first criterion, which is difficult to miss, is a frequent urge to urinate.

In the future, the symptoms increase:

• discomfort, burning and itching in the perineum (this is how toxins from the excreted fluid act);

• any unpleasant, unusual sensation in the ureter;

• urine changed color, became cloudy, may acquire a pungent odor;

• after emptying there is no feeling of complete urinary release bladder;

• pain in the lower abdomen (may radiate to the back).

Later, uncharacteristic symptoms may be added, only indirectly indicating cystitis: headache, fatigue, a slight increase in temperature ... A clear sign of complications of the disease is blood in the urine.

The infectious or allergic nature of the onset of cystitis in the vast majority of cases is manifested by characteristic symptoms with severe itching in the perineum.

Possible complications

Women face cystitis very often (almost half of all women in the world). But patients are not always able to reasonably assess the possible consequences of this inflammatory disease.

When the correct treatment is carried out, including leveling the disease provocateur, healing occurs quite quickly. However, if the therapy is chosen incorrectly, and in addition, the causative agent is constantly present, then the disease can develop into a chronic form, which significantly increases the risk of complications.

Chronic cystitis damages a significant area of ​​the bladder mucosa, which leads to to the appearance of seals, edema due to loss of elasticity of the epithelial layer.

Complications:

• development of renal failure, pyelonephritis;

• urethritis;

• formation of adhesions;

• violation of the structure of the bladder sometimes provokes a breakthrough, the entry of contents into the abdominal cavity, and, as a result, peritonitis;

• urolithiasis;

• tumors;

• impaired reproductive function up to the impossibility of conception;

• ulcers, bleeding in the bladder;

• dysfunction of the urinary tract, enuresis.

Important periods of development

The female body at different periods of life physiologically acquires a predisposition to cis titus, and it is advisable to have information in advance in order to protect yourself as much as possible.

For the first time, the risk of disease appears at a very early age - up to 3 years. In the presence of congenital abnormalities, the occurrence of ureteral reflux is likely: the reverse flow of urine - from the bladder to the kidneys. As a result of such a complication, ascending infections and vulvovaginitis can occur.

For the second time, the danger of the disease lies in wait for a woman in adolescence. Here hormonal changes play the most important role, and with the onset of sexual activity, the likelihood of getting bacteria from a partner is added.

ANDthe third period of exposure to infection occurs with the onset of menopause. Then hormonal changes and general physiological changes in the body simultaneously play a role. So, for example, the tissues lose elasticity, which spreads to the bladder, in addition, it shifts slightly in the abdominal cavity. The combination of these changes contributes to the disease of cystitis.

Diagnostics

During the clinical examination, the specialist pays attention not only to the diagnosis, but also to the cause of the development of the disease.

First, the doctor traditionally takes a history: complaints, the approximate time of development of symptoms, previous ailments and unusual events. In addition to the clinical picture, laboratory and instrumental studies are required:

• general blood and urine analysis to identify characteristic abnormalities;

• vaginal smear for microflora examination;

• study of the bacterial composition of urine (bacterial culture);

• PCR of blood;

• cytoscopic (endoscopic) study of the bladder;

• ultrasound examination of the genitourinary system.

In some cases, a biopsy may be required: removal of microscopic tissue samples for examination.

How cystitis is treated

The main task of therapy is to eliminate symptoms and cure the underlying cause that provokes inflammation. Drugs are determined by the urologist, based on the data obtained.

In the acute form of the disease, rest, normalized dietary nutrition, and applying a heating pad are desirable. Along the way, be sure to drink plenty of fluids and diuretics to accelerate the elimination of bacteria. At the same time, antispasmodic drugs are prescribed. The usual treatment time is a week. In no case should you interrupt the course: elimination of primary symptoms does not indicate complete recovery.

• antibacterial drugs are prescribed for bacterial infection (medical recommendation is required);

• antispasmodics are a common remedy for all forms of the disease (relieve muscle spasm, eliminate soreness, promote urinary drainage without pain);

• anti-inflammatory drugs relieve inflammation from the mucous membrane, help restore the epithelium, reduce discomfort;

• phytotherapy is reasonable either at the onset of the disease, or with complex treatment.

Rehabilitation therapy

As a result of bacterial activity and due to the intake of antibiotics, the microflora of the body suffers: the number of necessary beneficial bacteria decreases. This violation is leveled by the intake of probiotics, which inoculate the microflora with the necessary bacteria, restoring its normal functions. This measure is not subject to mandatory prescription, however, it is important to follow the recommendations in the annotation and not exceed the dosage.

Personally, I cured cystitis using a natural remedy (it contains all kinds of vitamins, zinc, chamomile and cranberry extract ). The symptoms of the disease disappeared on the second day, and after notI divide cystitis completely disappeared. For anyone interested, you can read about the drug here.