How do pain relievers work for different types of pain? Do they eliminate the cause of the pain or do they just hide this pain?

Centrally acting painkillers: block special pain centers at different levels in the brain. More detailed only anatomically (nuclei of the medulla oblongata, ventral nuclei of the thalamus, posterior central gyrus of the cerebral cortex, gelatinous substance of the spinal cord, giant cell nucleus of the bulbar region, reticular formation of the midbrain, hypothalamus, nonspecific nuclei of the thalamus, limbic system, superior frontal cortex, parietal gyrus brain). Peripheral - acting on the mechanisms of pain outside the brain. One of their options is local anesthetics. One of the mechanisms of pain perception is that damaged tissue synthesizes and secretes special substances, for example, prostaglandin E2, which stimulate pain receptors (nerve endings, the excitation of which actually means pain). Peripheral analgesics block the release of these substances and thus relieve pain.

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Pain relievers hide pain for a while. Regardless of what kind of anesthesia. General anesthesia puts a person to sleep, and they are anesthetized so that during the operation the person does not begin to feel pain or panic. Local anesthesia acts on a certain area, removes sensitivity and causes numbness. As soon as the anesthetic wears off, the pain returns.