Do new eggs form regularly throughout life, or does it happen "all at once"?

Every girl is born with a genetically determined number of eggs (ovarian reserve), if there are no pathological changes in her reproductive system. Eggs in a female embryo are laid in utero.

At the time of the birth of a girl, there are approximately 1 million of them. With increasing age, the number of eggs declines, and at the time of the first menstruation there are already about 300 thousand of them.

During a woman's life, approximately 300 follicles with eggs mature. You cannot artificially increase the number of follicles .

The female body loses these cells throughout its life (regardless of the presence and number of children). Every month, about 30 follicles containing eggs are prepared in the ovary for maturation. Under the influence of hormones, one dominant follicle matures, from which an egg comes out, ready for fertilization with a sperm, the rest atrophy.

Decreased ovarian reserve (genetically laid stock of follicles) is characterized by a decrease in the number of eggs and / or deterioration in their quality. There are a number of reasons that can significantly affect this process.

Reasons for a decrease in ovarian reserve:

the woman's age (the older she is, the less chances of getting pregnant , especially after 38 years);

· genetic predisposition (sometimes the ovarian reserve decreases before the biological age - at 35-38 years);

· diseases and surgical interventions on the genitals (for example , removal of ovarian cysts, endometriosis, uterine fibroids);

alcohol abuse;

drug addiction;

problems associated with the thyroid gland;

· intestinal dysbiosis;

· a long break in sexual activity;

· chemotherapy for tumor processes;

· radioactive irradiation.

Ovarian reserve assessment is recommended for all women over 35-38 years old who wish to become pregnant.

C the main methods for assessing the quantity and quality of eggs cells with follicles, can be attributed:

· determination of the level of FSH in the first phase of menstruation;

· FSH / LH ratio;

· FSH analysis ;

LH analysis;

estradiol concentration;

progesterone concentration;

amount of inhibin-B;

· ultrasound (transvaginal);

· amount of AMG;

· test with clomiphene citrate;

· test carried out with stimulation of gonadotropin agonists hormone releasing.

With the help of the examination, it is possible to estimate the biological and functional age of the ovaries, which makes it possible to predict the outcome of IVF infertility therapy.

All laboratory diagnostic methods must be repeated several times ( especially for young women). This will make it possible to make the correct diagnosis with greater reliability, because a decrease in the ovarian reSeed can be observed in autoimmune, inflammatory or infectious diseases.

There are no external manifestations of a decrease in ovarian reserve.

If a healthy woman cannot become pregnant during the planned birth of a child within 1 year, the following warning signs should be considered:

irregular periods;

minor bleeding between periods;

the appearance of signs of menopause (change of feeling cold-hot, frequent mood swings, constant feeling of fatigue);

· surgery on the genitourinary system.

Pregnancy can occur even against the background of a reduced ovarian reserve. But with critical values, conception usually does not occur. Therefore, it is advisable not to delay the birth of the child. The optimal age for a woman is from 20 to 35 years.

The most unfavorable consequence of a decrease in the number of follicles is that during the IVF stimulation procedure the required number of eggs (from 10 to 20 ) will most likely not be received. This leads to the fact that the fertilization process, the development of the embryo and its implantation into the female body may not take place.

In mammals, including humans, eggs are formed during the embryonic development of the female, as Mikhail correctly answered. Since the birth of a girl / woman, her ovaries already contain about a million eggs. With puberty, the stage of maturation of the egg begins - ovulation, when a mature egg leaves the ovary and lives for 24 hours. If during this time she is not fertilized, then she dies. This happens once a month, and the maturation of the egg itself takes about 14 days.

In humans, quantitative formation is completed in utero, about 7 months. Further, only maturation under the influence of sex hormones ...